Free Essays on Welfare To Work

Government assistance to-Work Responsible for Child’s Death? In his narrative about firearm brutality in the United States, Bowling for Columbine, Director/Producer Michael Moore apparently suggested that the administration has the more prominent obligation regarding the shooting of a six-year-old young lady, Kayla Rolland, by a six-year-old young man, Dedrick Owens. Kayla Rolland and Dedrick Owens were schoolmates in the main evaluation at Buell Elementary in Beecher, Michigan. On February 29, 2000, Dedrick took a firearm from his uncle’s home, where his family had been living, and took it with him to class where he shot Kayla over a contention they had the earlier day. The shooting came about in Kayla’s demise. Dedrick’s mother, Tamarla Owens, had been a government assistance beneficiary, and thusly, was taking an interest in Michigan’s Welfare-to-Work program (WtW). In the film, Moore and others offered a few fiery remarks that implied the WtW program added to Kayla Rolland’s passing. We accept a large number of these remarks to be by and large lies or exclusions of truth so as to redirect consideration away from those extremely capable †the child’s guardians. Moore’s claims seeing WtW are as per the following: it constrained Owens to find a new line of work in the event that she needed proceeded with benefits, for example, nourishments stamps and human services; she was required to â€Å"work off† the government assistance cash the state had recently given her; in spite of working as long as seventy hours of the week, she was unable to stand to pay her lease; unfit to pay her lease, she had to live with her sibling, who possessed a handgun; because of the bustling work routine constrained upon her by the state, she couldn't manage her kid; because of an absence of oversight, her child had the option to take the handgun to class and fire Kayla. Let us attempt to reason out the state’s culpability, utilizing Moore’s rationale. On the off chance that the state didn't have the WtW program, utilizing just her government assistance advantage alongside food stamps and Medicaid, Owens would have had the option to affor... Free Essays on Welfare To Work Free Essays on Welfare To Work Government assistance to-Work Responsible for Child’s Death? In his narrative about weapon savagery in the United States, Bowling for Columbine, Director/Producer Michael Moore apparently inferred that the administration has the more prominent duty regarding the shooting of a six-year-old young lady, Kayla Rolland, by a six-year-old young man, Dedrick Owens. Kayla Rolland and Dedrick Owens were colleagues in the primary evaluation at Buell Elementary in Beecher, Michigan. On February 29, 2000, Dedrick took a weapon from his uncle’s home, where his family had been living, and took it with him to class where he shot Kayla over a contention they had the earlier day. The shooting came about in Kayla’s passing. Dedrick’s mother, Tamarla Owens, had been a government assistance beneficiary, and in that capacity, was taking an interest in Michigan’s Welfare-to-Work program (WtW). In the film, Moore and others offered a few fiery remarks that suggested the WtW program added to Kayla Rolland’s passing. We accept a significant number of these remarks to be by and large lies or exclusions of truth so as to occupy consideration away from those extremely capable †the child’s guardians. Moore’s claims viewing WtW are as per the following: it constrained Owens to find a new line of work in the event that she needed proceeded with benefits, for example, nourishments stamps and social insurance; she was required to â€Å"work off† the government assistance cash the state had recently given her; in spite of working as long as seventy hours out of every week, she was unable to bear to pay her lease; unfit to pay her lease, she had to live with her sibling, who possessed a handgun; because of the bustling work routine constrained upon her by the state, she couldn't administer her youngster; because of an absence of management, her child had the option to take the handgun to class and fire Kayla. Let us attempt to reason out the state’s culpability, utilizing Moore’s rationale. In the event that the state didn't have the WtW program, utilizing just her government assistance advantage alongside food stamps and Medicaid, Owens would have had the option to affor...

Impact Of Mass Incarceration On The Community Essay Example For Students

Effect Of Mass Incarceration On The Community Essay Mass detainment can be characterized as the detainment or detainment of an enormous number of individuals. As indicated by the Prison Policy Initiative blog (March 2014), the present paces of mass detainment in the U.S are as per the following: Local Jails has 721,654 detainees, Federal penitentiaries 216, 362 detainees and state jails have 1,362,028 of detainees. To have a superior comprehension, those in nearby correctional facilities are anticipating for preliminary while government detainees are in there as a result of medications, weapons and migration offenses, and so forth.; However, those in state jails being the quantity of detainees disturbing are there due to kill, theft, ambush, open request, and so on. Henceforth, those numbers make U.S the nation with the most noteworthy number of detainees. Despite the fact that the quantity of individuals that we have in reality in jail has decreased, the insights despite everything show extremely lopsided numbers. So the inquiry to pose to will be, would we say we are abusing jail for not very genuine offenses? Or then again is wrongdoing expanding among the states? More often than not when we talk about wrongdoing or jail the vast majority think the fundamental explanation is drugs; be that as it may, insights from March 2014 referenced above show the inverse. There are increasingly genuine offenses like homicide and ambushes going on out there, yet as medication use/deal is turning out to be questionable we continually ascribe wrongdoing to drugs. The impacts of mass imprisonment don’t just influence those in jail, yet in addition the remainder of society outside. It’s about the detainee himself as well as his family and society when all is said in done. Most detainees face basic circumstances when they escape jail, since they paid for their wrongdoing however they will at present be marked as crooks making it practically difficult to reintegrate in the public arena as a non-guilty party. Most detainees relying upon the wrongdoing submitted are confined from having driving licenses, not access to around 60 percent of occupations and training, lodging and even precluded from casting a ballot in government races. Thus, how as a general public would we say we are anticipating that detainees should change and avoid wrongdoing? The absence of access to assets put guilty parties at more danger of carrying out wrongdoing once more, they feel unequipped for making due without a better than average employment, and not get government monetary guide for school and lodging. A great many people allude to detainment facilities as the pill that fixes most ills due to the consolidation and the support of new medication laws more individuals are going to jail. Peaceful violations related with drugs are currently observed increasingly genuine, and along these lines took care of with more insurance and seriousness. Outcomes? Network begins paying higher expenses since jail spending increments; including human services, food, power, and so forth in jail turns out to be even more an issue in light of the fact that the more individuals get bolted up, the more the more jail spends to keep the detainees in average conditions. Then again, families are viewed as the most influenced by mass imprisonment (Lynch, J. P., Sabol, W. J. 2004). Expecting that it prompts a great deal of single parents bringing up little children without anyone else in poor and risky neighborhoods, expanding the chance in those youthful guys to become crooks. Once in a while its not by decision, they need to shield and guard themselves from others engaging in packs, medicate selling, dropping school and simply live by the road settings. On account of the moms they normally become progressively hesitant to cooperate with different guys in the network just as precarious for the basic explanation that she needs to assume the job of mother and man of the house; holding up the duty of driving the children towards a superior future and guaranteeing to manage the cost of every one of their needs. Male Initiation Rituals EssayEven experts get passed judgment on dependent on mass imprisonment and law implementation trust. As future CRJ experts we are continually scrutinized in light of the fact that Hispanics/Latinos and Blacks are not known to be effective in the law authorization field. Indeed it’s genuine that being a piece of a racial gathering with high paces of wrongdoing and detainment it’s testing however that doesn’t mean it characterizes what our identity is and what benefits we can carry to law authorization future with our insight and commitment. A few people say that we are working in this field to manage the issues of our own kin. We realize that as a result of absence of instruction and comprehension of the framework it appears to be trying to get to CRJ framework and stick out but since we originate from a criminal race and network doesn’t mean we will continually violate the law. Indeed, even families can't help contradicting their c hildren to be part in what they consider a loosen framework that exploits poor groups of our own race. In any case, when those prisoners return to their neighborhoods and attempt to frame some portion of the network as a non-wrongdoer makes a great deal of dread and theories. Individuals begin imagining that they will keep themselves occupied with criminal practices and thusly pull in other small children to do likewise. Do individuals carry out wrongdoing by decision? That’s an essentially dubious theme in light of the fact that in one end yes individuals ought to have the option to defend about what’s right or wrong and settle on the correct decisions; in any case, the network setting, for example, poor horrible schools, lacking of assets, reckless guardians, tranquilize selling like confections in each corner and friend pressure are a portion of the reasons that may get youthful guys of our locale to connect with those reintegrated guilty parties to our locale. In any case, it isn't objective the way that our own kin for the most part blacks and Hispanics mark others just by their missteps, yes you consequently lose trust in certain individuals however another opportunity to reintegrate shouldn’t feature how critical we are as a general public. Other than the monetary effect of mass imprisonment, the enthusiastic and good harm is surprisingly more dreadful. Just by the reality of been named as a criminal forestalls numerous individuals with criminal records to have a typical life. Not gaining admittance to a tolerable employment to bear the cost of their families’ needs, a house and even a driver permit it’s difficult to become accustomed to; the vast majority of them accept they don’t even have any self-governance any longer. What's more, increasingly over those children growing up without their folks, missing the family bolster makes their lives harder to manage. In this way, mass imprisonment has become a tremendous effect in our locale and working alongside the CRJ framework and executing reasonableness would be such a decent assistance so as to allow detainees to change their future. References †¢ Martensen, K. (2012). The value that US minority networks pay: mass imprisonment and the belief systems that fuel them. Contemporary Justice Review, 15(2), 211-222. doi:10.1080/10282580.2012.681165 †¢ Lynch, J. P., Sabol, W. J. (2004). Surveying THE EFFECTS OF MASS INCARCERATION ON INFORMAL SOCIAL CONTROL IN COMMUNITIES. Criminology Public Policy, 3(2), 267-293. †¢ Mary Pattillo, David Weiman, and Bruce Western, Imprisoning America: The Social Effects of Mass Incarceration †¢ Imprisoning America: The Social Effects of Mass Incarceration by Mary Pattillo; David Weiman; Bruce Western. †¢ Mauer, M. (2011). Tending to Racial Disparities in Incarceration. Jail Journal, 91(3), 87S-101S. doi:10.1177/0032885511415227 †¢ Prashad, V. (2014). Towards a Happy Ending. Communism Democracy, 28(3), 24-34. doi:10.1080/08854300.2014.957008

Essay Topics For SSAT - Find Out How to Get Help With Your Essay Topic

Essay Topics For SSAT - Find Out How to Get Help With Your Essay TopicWhen you need help with your essay topics for SSAT, there are many different resources available to you. Many schools will try to help you with your essay writing, but they may not be the best place to start your search.Whether you are studying for the SAT or taking the exam for the first time, you can get help with essay topics for the SSAT. The subject matter is the most important part of the essay and you should be sure that you are familiar with it.If you are unable to find help with essay topics for SSAT, you may want to check into an online class. While this may not be ideal for you, you should be able to find a great resource for learning about essay topics for the SSAT.You should also make sure that you take some time to talk to your counselor before you start the course. They can help you figure out if this is the right college for you and they can help you decide how much study time is right for you.If yo u are able to find a good counselor, they can even help you out with the rest of your education. If you are going to spend all of your time working on essay topics for SSAT, you want to make sure that you are getting the most out of your time.A good counselor will be able to help you with helping you figure out what is best for you. You should be able to go in with some information about yourself and the type of education that you want.The focus of the class will still be on learning about the basics of college, but you will have the chance to find out about your options for high school. You may even have the chance to transfer credits to another institution.There are many options when it comes to learning about essay topics for the SSAT. If you are unsure about what courses to take or what are the best options, make sure that you talk to your counselor.

Social Problems With America Essay - 1408 Words

Social Problems in America nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Many of Americans today do not take the time to realize that our nation is little by little falling apart. Our leaders are corrupt, our environment is being destroyed, and there are thousands of children being born each day. The three major social problems facing the American citizens in the 21st century are births to unmarried woman, being able to trust or government and or leaders, and lastly destroying the environment. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The first major social problem facing America today is the crisis of births to unmarried woman. In â€Å"Straight Line to Calamity† George Will writes, â€Å"rising illegitimacy is a self-reinforcing trend because of the many mechanisms of†¦show more content†¦He sees the world becoming overcrowded and he believes we need to do something about it. He uses this essay to give us a revelation to wake up and save our planet from the destruction we are placing upon ourselves. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Secondly, trusting our government and its leaders is another problem facing American in the 21st century. In â€Å"The Circle of Governments† Niccolo Machiavelli states, â€Å"As the human race increased, the necessity for uniting themselves for defense made itself felt; the better to attain this object they chose the strongest and most courageous from amongst themselves and placed him at their head promising to obey him.†(230). I take this statement to mean that ever since the beginning of time we have 3 put the biggest and smartest man at the helm of our nation. This may not always have been the best way to choose a leader. Many leaders now and today’s abuse the power giving to them by the people. Not knowing what a person is about a chosen just on appearances and smarts is a big misconception of American people. You should always study a person past to find if they abuse power because it might always hurt you in the long run. Later in his essay Machiavelli states, â€Å"Such were the beginning and cause of disorders, conspiracies, and plots against the sovereigns, set on foot, not by the feeble and timid, but by those citizens who, surpassing the others in grandeur of soul,Show MoreRelatedSocial Problems with America Essay1429 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Problems in America Many of Americans today do not take the time to realize that our nation is little by little falling apart. Our leaders are corrupt, our environment is being destroyed, and there are thousands of children being born each day. The three major social problems facing the American citizens in the 21st century are births to unmarried woman, being able to trust or government and or leaders, and lastly destroying the environment. The first major social problem facingRead MoreUninsured And Underinsured On America Why Is It A Social Problem?899 Words   |  4 PagesUninsured and Underinsured In America-Why Is It a Social Problem? According to data presented by Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the US health care cost exceeded $ 8,000 per capita, in 2010, comparing to the next most expensive system (Norway) $5,000 per capita (OECD Health Data, 2012). Despite being the most expensive system in the word, US healthcare system has failed on many areas of performance and quality. According to OECD data, US has much lower life expectancyRead MoreVolunteers of America: Organization Overview908 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Volunteers of America: Volunteers of America is not only a nonprofit community organization but also a ministry of service that is committed to helping people in need to rebuild their lives and reach their total potential. The organization is effective in helping people in need to rebuild their lives through its huge workforce that consist of approximately 16,000 paid professional employees. Moreover, the organization also accomplishes its mission through various human service programs suchRead MoreResolving the Social Problem of Crime1313 Words   |  5 PagesResolving a Social Problem: As mentioned in the first assignment, one of the main social problems in the modern society is crime, which is basically defined as an offense against public law. Since it is a major social problem, crime has significant effects on victims, the society, and social institutions. Crime is a multi-faceted social problem because it involves personal responsibility as well as social, cultural, and political aspects that contribute to it. It is also a social problem that shouldRead MoreIs America A Post Racial Society?1431 Words   |  6 Pages Many individuals have argued that America is a post-racial society. However, as a nation that as yet to be achieved. Even though, we have a biracial president does not mean that we have yet to achieve the status of all races being equal. We still live in a system that contains one superior group while other racial groups remain inferior. The United states have yet to understand why we have two nations in America. In addition, examining how to combat and prevent those issues that are place by barriersRead More absolut Failure Essay1685 Words   |  7 Pages The 1920’s was a time of major social change in the United States. The social changes during this period are reflected in the laws and regulations that were implemented. One of the most prominent examples of this was prohibition. The 18th Amendment to the Constitution, or the Volsted act as it is also know, was implemented to eliminate the use of alcohol in the United States. In doing this, the advocates of prohibition hoped to also eradicate the social problems associated with alcohol. â€Å"It wasRead MorePoverty And The American Dream933 Words   |  4 Pagesare struggling trying to find a way to get out. The Inequality gap in America has increased for the past few decades. Resulting from Economic Inequality in America, 400 Americans share more than 50% of America’s total wealth. These 400 Americans are the Top 1%. While the Top 1% are living luxurious lives, the Bottom 99% is struggling to make ends meet. Inequality is nothing new to the United States. In fact, it is a serious problem for America’s Economy, Democracy and the Middle Class. Economic InequalityRead MoreThe Social Policy Welfare Programs1343 Words   |  6 PagesDouble Standard, James Russell discusses and compares the social policy welfare programs in the United States and Europe and how each country approaches the issue. In particularly, Russell explains how poverty is measured, poverty reduction, and the politics of poverty reduction. Research shows that poverty has been a social problem for over five decades in America. During the 1960’s, the issue of poverty was first identified as a social problem and countless efforts have been made to eradicate povertyRead MoreSocial Problems : A Social Problem1743 Words   |  7 PagesAbortion Paper Social problems can encompass many things, but they all have two things in common. They are a social state that disturbs society, and they are detrimental to society. There are four stages to a social problem: public outcry, crafting an official response, reaction to official response, and developing alternative strategies to solve problem. These stages run in a cycle and happen over and over again depending upon what the public is upset about. When you have a social problem, it affectsRead MoreRevolutions: The Road to Independence Essay877 Words   |  4 Pagesgovernmental setting. Most Revolutions are caused by political, social, and economic disputes. Consequently, the common matter for the American, French, and Latin America revolutions emerged to gain their own independence. In North America, the colonists put emphasis on their independence from Great Britain and established a new republic. In France, protesters abolished the authority of France and reorganized the French so ciety, and Latin America sought liberty from Spain’s control. One thing all three

What Is the Largest Fish - Learn About Whale Sharks

The largest fish in the world is a shark - the whale shark (Rhincodon typus). The whale shark can grow to about 65 feet long and weigh up to 75,000 pounds. Imagine encountering this huge animal in the wild! Despite its huge size, though, whale sharks are pretty gentle. They move relatively slowly and feed on tiny plankton by sucking in water and filtering it through their gills and pharynx. These giants have over 20,000 teeth, but the teeth are tiny and thought not to even be used for feeding (you can see a photo of a whale sharks teeth here.) Whale sharks have beautiful coloration - their backs and sides are bluish-gray to brown and they have a white belly. Whats most striking about these sharks is their white spots, which are arranged among pale, horizontal and vertical stripes. This pigmentation pattern is used to identify individual whale sharks and learn more about the species. Where Are Whale Sharks Found? Whale sharks are found in warmer temperate and tropical waters and are widespread - they live in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Diving with whale sharks is a popular activity in some areas, including Mexico, Australia, Honduras, and the Philippines. Whale Sharks Are Cartilaginous Fish Whale sharks, and all sharks, belong to the group of fish called the cartilaginous fish - fish that have a skeleton made of cartilage, rather than bone. Other cartilaginous fish include the skates and rays. The second-largest fish is another plankton-eating cartilaginous fish - the basking shark. The basking shark is sort of a cold-water version of the whale shark. They grow to 30-40 feet and also feed on plankton, although the process is a little different. Instead of gulping water like whale sharks, basking sharks swim through the water with their mouths open. During this time, the water passes into the mouth, and out the gills, where gill rakers trap the prey. The Largest Bony Fish The cartilaginous fish is one out of two main groups of fish. The other is the bony fish. These fish have skeletons made of bone, and include fish such as cod, tuna and even seahorses. The largest bony fish is another ocean dweller, although it is much smaller than the largest basking shark. The largest bony fish is the ocean sunfish (Mola mola). Ocean sunfish are a strange-looking fish who appear as if the back half of their body had been cut off. They are disk-shaped and have an unusual back end called a clavus, rather than a tail. Ocean sunfish can grow over 10 feet across and weigh over 5,000 pounds. If youre a fisherman, though, dont get too excited - although in some areas, ocean sunfish are considered a delicacy, many consider these fish inedible and some even say their skin contains toxins, making them unsafe to eat. On top of this, these fish can host up to 40 different kinds of parasites (yuck!).

Should Immigration Be Illegal Immigrants - 1559 Words

I. Introduction: a. General info about the topic: California is home to many families who are seeking to live the American dream. Many of these families, however, include parents, children, or other relatives who are illegal immigrants and constantly live in fear of deportation. Deportation has increased greatly and immigration agencies have been deporting many of these illegal immigrants in their workplace. Assembly Bill No. 450 will place requirements on private and public employers when encountering immigration agencies whom are seeking to deport their employees. It also prohibits immigration agencies from deporting illegal immigrants in their workplace without a warrant. b. Thesis statement: Assembly Bill No. 450 which was introduced†¦show more content†¦Most of these individuals have families and their deportation have an impact on the family since they are often the bread winners. iii. In this news article, Magagnini states that the sweep targeted people with criminal convictions and people who have re-entered the U.S. He also states that according to a statement from ICE, deportation is increasing under President Donald Trump. From personal experience, most of the illegal immigrants who re-enter the United States do it for one reason. They often have families whom they are forced to leave behind and they want to return to their families. They want to live the American dream and can see their children grow and support them in any possible way that they can even if they must risk deportation. b. Support: Article called, Immigration raids prompt push for action, written by Melissa McRobbie i. In this article, McRobbie explains how the raids on the Peninsula by federal immigration officials affected the local immigrant population (McRobbie, 2007). These raids led to the development of an organization called, Redwood City Immigrant Rights Coalition, which coordinates community outreach, facilitates services for families affected by such raids, and prompts officials to oppose the raids by immigration agencies (McRobbie, 2007). This supports the statement that immigration raids and deportations greatly affect families. The fear created by immigration raids has led to organizations such which oppose these actions. ii.Show MoreRelatedShould Immigration Be Illegal Immigrants?1723 Words   |  7 PagesI ride past them they seem miserable. Not too many of them speak English which leads me to question if they are illegal immigrants or not. Immigration is a complicated concept because there are people who have the beliefs that it destroys the economy, and then there are those who believe it makes the economy run more smoothly and strengthens it. You can argue that allowing immigration takes away jobs from legal citizens and increases crime rate. However, the other aspect is that it strengthens theRead MoreShould Immigration Be Illegal Immigrants?1106 Words   |  5 PagesAn immigrant is a person who had made the choice to permanently move to another country for living or work purposes. People have been moving from place to place as long as the human race has existed. The assimilation is much easier for legal immigrants, those who have entered lawfully, as opposed to illegal immigrants. Illegal immigrants have a much harder time assimilating; mainly because they cannot access all the services that the country’s government has to offer without risking deportation.Read MoreShould Immigration Be Illegal Immigrants? 1257 Words   |  6 Pagesmust ban immigrants!†, â€Å"Immigrants take Americans job opportunities† are some of the statements that stray away from the reality of the real debated issue of immigration . Today many Americans presume that immigrants slow the growth of the economy and often clash with American workers. Also, immigrants are often accused of stealing jobs and occupying land and space that they are not entitled to. However, do immigrants provide more than just a burden to the nations economy? Do immigrants play a biggerRead MoreIllegal Immigration - Illegal Immigrants Should NOT be Denied Benefits1343 Words   |  6 PagesIllegal Immigrants Should not be Denied Benefits      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On her way to work, a nurse is assaulted while racial slurs are yelled at her. The same route that she has taken to work for the last ten years without a problem, now leads her to violence (Hornblower36). Instances of discrimination and racism such as this one, have increased since the passing of Proposition 187 in California. For years, the border states of this nation have faced a steady increase in the costs they are forced to payRead MoreImmigration : Amnesty Or Amnesia1305 Words   |  6 Pages Immigration: Amnesty or Amnesia Immigrants cross the American border with hope of a better life so; the subject of illegal immigration is greatly debated topic in the United States. With all things considered illegal immigrations affects everyone. These undocumented people can be a neighbor, a waiter, or even a housekeeper. The controversy behind illegal immigrants is whether or not they should be reprimanded for violations of immigration laws. According to the Arizona Sentinel Newspaper, illegalRead MoreIllegal Immigrants Are Good For The Economy Of The United States1250 Words   |  5 Pagesindependent United States, the country has attracted immigrants from different parts of the world. Illegal immigrants form the larger proportion of the immigrants into the United States. Policy analysts, government officials, as well as scholars have sought to ascertain the political, social, and economic impacts of the illegal immigrants (Hanson 11). Particularly, there has been raging debate regarding the economic impact of illegal immigration to the United States of America. It has become a matterRead MoreThe Issue of Illegal Immigration in the US1087 Words   |  5 Pages Americans today, know that there is a problem with illegal immigration. Everyday many illegal immigrants cross the borders. There are between twelve and twenty million illegal immigrants in America. (â€Å"Scary Immigration Statistics† 1) The U.S. should make all illegal immigrants register or deport them to their original countries. The U.S. should also make a program so that the immigrants can get a license for legality. If the immigrants do not want to cooperate, then they cannot be in America. TheRead MoreImmigration Reform : Illegal Immigration1697 Words   |  7 Pages Back in 2007 there were several concerns over immigration as a whole and exploding proportions of illegal immigrants crossing the border in the Arizona area. Arizona attempted to resolve the influx of people across the border by imposing heavy fines o n employers hiring illegal immigrants. At that time in Arizona there was a democratic governor Janet Napolitano that continually vetoed the Arizona’s legislature attempt to reduce illegal immigration. In 2009 the state replaced the Democratic governorRead MoreImmigration : The Ongoing Question1419 Words   |  6 PagesImmigration: The Ongoing Question It was estimated in 2014 that there were at least 11.3 million unauthorized immigrants in the United States. Illegal immigration has been in the headlines for the last ten years and will forever plague the United States of America. New immigration policy such as the â€Å"Priority Enforcement Program† was implemented in 2015, and programs like these are one of the main topics up for debate in the upcoming election. Over seventy-five percent of people deported back toRead MoreEssay on Why should the U.S have border patrol?1611 Words   |  7 PagesStates Border Patrol: Why should the U.S have border patrol? Illegal immigrants have always been a problem in the United States for some time now. â€Å"In October 2008, the illegal immigrant population stood at 11.9 million according to the Pew Hispanic Center† (Illegal Immigration Facts Statistics†). An efficient border patrol in our country would be a good step in the right direction to stop illegal immigration and the effect it has on our country. Illegal immigrants are at fault for such things

Republican Party Essay Example For Students

Republican Party Essay REPUBLICAN PARTYThe Republican party is one of the two major POLITICAL PARTIES in the United States, the other being the DEMOCRATIC PARTY party. It is popularly known as the GOP, from its earlier nickname Grand Old Party. From the time it ran its first PRESIDENTIAL candidate, John C. Fremont, in 1856, until the inauguration of Republican George BUSH in 1989, Republican presidents occupied the WHITE HOUSE for 80 years. Traditionally, Republican strength came primarily from New England and the Midwest. After World War II, however, it greatly increased in the Sunbelt states and the West. Generally speaking, after World War I the Republican party became the more conservative of the two major parties, with its support coming from the upper middle class and from the corporate, financial, and farming interests. It has taken political stances generally in favor of laissez- faire, free enterprise, and fiscal responsibility (at least until 1981) and against the welfare state. The Founding of the PartyScholars agree that the origins of the party grew out of the sectional conflicts regarding the expansion of slavery into the new Western territories. The stimulus for political realignment was provided by the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854. That law repealed earlier compromises that had excluded slavery from the territories. The passage of this act served as the unifying agent for abolitionists and split the Democrats and the WHIG party. Anti-Nebraska protest meetings spread rapidly through the country. Two such meetings were held in Ripon, Wis., on Feb. 28 and Mar. 20, 1854, and were attended by a group of abolitionist FREE SOILERS, Democrats, and Whigs. They decided to call themselves Republicansbecause they professed to be political descendants of Thomas JEFFERSONs Democratic- Republican party. The name was formally adopted by a state convention held in Jackson, Mich., on July 6, 1854. The new party was a success from the beginning. In the 1854 congressional elections 44 Republicans were elected as a part of the anti-Nebraskan majority in the HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, and several Republicans were elected to the SENATE and to various state houses. In 1856, at the first Republican national convention, Sen. John C. Fremont was nominated for the presidency but was defeated by Democrat James BUCHANAN. During the campaign the northern wing of the KNOW-NOTHING PARTY split off and endorsed the Republican ticket, making the Republicans the principal antislavery party. Two days after the inauguration of James Buchanan, the Supreme Court handed down the Dred Scott v. Sandford decision, which increased sectional dissension and was denounced by the Republicans. At this time the nation was also gripped by economic chaos. Business blamed tariff reductions, and Republican leaders called for greater tariff protection. The split in the Democratic party over the issue of slavery continued, and in 1858 the Republicans won control of the House of Representatives for the first time. One Republican who failed that year was Abraham LINCOLN, defeated in his bid for a U.S. Senate seat by Stephen A. Douglas. Lincoln, the Civil War, and ReconstructionAt the second Republican national convention, in 1860, a hard- fought contest resulted in the presidential nomination of Abraham Lincoln. The Republican platform specifically pledged not to extend slavery and called for enactment of free- homestead legislation, prompt establishment of a daily overland mail service, a transcontinental railroad, and support of the protective tariff. Lincoln was opposed by three major candidatesDouglas (Northern Democrat), John Cabell BRECKINRIDGE (Southern Democrat), and John Bell (Constitutional Union party). Lincoln collected almost half a million votes more than Douglas, his nearest competitor, but he won the election with only 39.8 percent of the popular vote. .u1c41709b60b9194f5dcee196fe737f90 , .u1c41709b60b9194f5dcee196fe737f90 .postImageUrl , .u1c41709b60b9194f5dcee196fe737f90 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1c41709b60b9194f5dcee196fe737f90 , .u1c41709b60b9194f5dcee196fe737f90:hover , .u1c41709b60b9194f5dcee196fe737f90:visited , .u1c41709b60b9194f5dcee196fe737f90:active { border:0!important; } .u1c41709b60b9194f5dcee196fe737f90 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1c41709b60b9194f5dcee196fe737f90 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1c41709b60b9194f5dcee196fe737f90:active , .u1c41709b60b9194f5dcee196fe737f90:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1c41709b60b9194f5dcee196fe737f90 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1c41709b60b9194f5dcee196fe737f90 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1c41709b60b9194f5dcee196fe737f90 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1c41709b60b9194f5dcee196fe737f90 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1c41709b60b9194f5dcee196fe737f90:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1c41709b60b9194f5dcee196fe737f90 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1c41709b60b9194f5dcee196fe737f90 .u1c41709b60b9194f5dcee196fe737f90-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1c41709b60b9194f5dcee196fe737f90:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Meiosis Vs. Meitosis EssayShortly thereafter, the Civil War began. Reverses on the battlefield, disaffection over the draft and taxes, and the failures of army leadership brought Lincoln and the Republicans into the 1864 election with small hope for victory. Party leaders saw the need to broaden the base of the party, and accordingly, they adopted the name National Union party. Andrew JOHNSON of Tennessee, a War Democrat, was nominated as Lincolns running mate. Significant military victories intervened before election day and contributed to Lincolns overwhelming reelection. After Lincolns assassination the Radical Republicans, led by Sen. Charles Sumner and Rep. Thaddeus S tevens, fought President Johnsons moderate Reconstruction policies. Ultimately,

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The Unorganised Sector Issues And Concerns Essay Example for Free

The Unorganised Sector Issues And Concerns Essay Problems of Definition The bulk of the Indian labour force is employed in what is loosely referred to as unorganised sector. Most of them are neither organised nor hive any access to social security. Their employment is unprotected, their wages are extremely low, and a large section of them live under conditions below the poverty line. The developmental efforts by the state have done little to improve their living coalitions. This is a matter of concern not only for the trade unions but also for every rational person in this country. Defining the term unorganised sector is a difficult task indeed. Apart from the conceptual difficulties, the definition also depends on who is defining it and for what purpose. There are broadly three different usages of the term. Firstly, the government plan documents m-id demographic surveys extensively use the term. According to this usage, the unorganised sector is defined rather negatively, is comprising of the labour force that falls outside the organised sector. The organised sector is defined is the one covering labour force employed in all the enterprises in the public sector and only the non-agricultural establishments in the private sector employing 10 or more workers The criterion of 10 is derived from the Factories Act, which covers all the establishments employing 10 or more people. This definition though indicative of the structure of employment fails to qualify each sector, and therefore leaves many questions unanswered. It nonetheless serves the purpose of government planning and projections. Given the fact that unorganised sector accounts for more than 90% of the labour force in the country, the inadequacies of this definition as reflected in the statistical data, appear to be marginal, even though in actual terms the numbers may be very high. Another governmental source, which defines the unorganised sector, again for statistical and administrative purposes, is that of the Central Statistical Organisation. According to this definition, the unorganised sector includes all those unincorporated enterprises and  household industries (other than the organised ones) which are not regulated by any legislation and which do not maintain annual accounts or balance sheets. This definition also serves the limited administrative purposes, and does not qualify the sector. In any case, both the above definitions are based on the existing legal framework, whether concerning labour or business establishments, and are therefore liable to change with every change in legislation. Therefore, these definitions are hardly adequate tools for social analysis. The second source of definition of the term unorganised sector is literature in the economics discipline. Economists have tried to define this sector in terms of the organisation of capital, nature of products, technologies used (traditional or modern), the markets served (local or general) or the consumers of the products (rich or poor) The thesis has been that the unorganised sector is characterised by low technology that it caters to local markets and to consumers who come from the lower segment of the society. There are many difficulties with this definition too. Bannerji argues that attempts at clearly delineating the character of the unorganised sector have not been successful because such clear-cut demarcation is not universally valid. The exact combination of activities that actually exist in any one region at a given time, seem to be an outcome of the interaction of various factors such as complexity of the economy, the actual extent and distribution of control of investment resources and the technological choices available to that economy. Since the configuration of such factors is almost always specific to each situation, what is true of one country at one time, fails to apply to another Attempts to distinguish the two sectors on the basis of products, markets and technologies have a severe limitation, bec ause of the extensive linkages that exist between the sectors, very often the organised sector taking advantage of the low cost operation in the unorganised sector to manufacture its own products which are for general market. Moreover, bulk of the export goods are manufactured in tile unorganised sector through a systematic decentralisation of the production process and the putting-out system. The third usage of the term unorganised sector is by the trade unions and those concerned with labour. The attempt made by Nirmala Bannerji comes under this category of usage of the term. According to her, the unorganised sector usually consists of productive activities with  loosely formed groups bound by diverse types of informal working contracts. It includes a section of the self-employed, wage earners, family producers as also household workers. The significance of this definition is that it brings in the nature of employment relationship as the main factor that distinguishes organised from the unorganised sector. The unorganised sector consists of productive activities carried out by loosely formed groups which are bound by informal contracts. Even though Bannerji’s definition brings out the most imp ortant characteristic feature of the unorganised sector, from labours point of view, further exploration is required to get an insight into the complexity and the diversity of this sector. There are certain fundamental difficulties in using the existing categories of organised sector and unorganised sector for trade union purposes. Trade unions by their very nature are essentially concerned with protecting labour from exploitation and arbitrariness of whoever employs them. If labour Protection is taken is the basic criterion of the trade unions, then organised and unorganised cease to be homogeneous categories, because we find unprotected labour in both the sectors. Even though the unorganised sector accounts for the majority of them, even the organised sector has its own share of unprotected labour in the form of casual, contract, badli, and temporary workers whose employment conditions are similar to those in the unorganised sector. One may argue that the proportion of the unprotected labour in the organised sector is very marginal. This is however not true, because, during the eighties there has been a gradual decline in permanent employment accompanied by a sharp rise in the casual employment. A recent survey of seven major industries, commissioned by Friedrich Ebert Foundation in 1991, reports that during the eighties, in almost all the industries the proportion of casual and temporary employment has increased phenomenally, ranging between a quarter to nearly half of the total workforce. The National Sample Survey data also show a similar trend. According to this data, in the organised sector, the employment growth rate has declined from 2.48 per cent during 1977-78 1983 to 1.38 per cent during 1983 1987-88. In the organised manufacturing sector, particularly, employment had virtually stagnated during 1983- 1987-88. Given the above trends, from the trade union perspective, it would be fallacious to characterise organised sector as the protected sector, and the unorganised sector as the  unprotected sector. Apart from these conceptual difficulties, very often, among the trade union circles, there exists confusion between the terms unorganised sector and unorganised labour. Many use these terms synonymously, even though there is a substantial difference between the two. While the former refers to the unorganised part of the industry or the whole economy, the latter refers to workers who are not organised as trade unions. It is true that the bulk of the labour force in the unorganised sector is not organised, but at the same time there are also unorganised workers in the organised sector. Similarly, there are also some workers within the unorganised sector, as we shall see, who are organised as trade unions. From a purely trade union point of view, it may be more appropriate to use the terms protected sector and unprotected sector which cut across both organised and unorganised sectors. However, it would be impossible to totally discard the terms that are currently in use because the entire edifice of the statistical data is built on this foundation. Nonetheless, it would be useful to be aware of the inadequacies of the existing categories. One needs to be, particularly, careful while interpreting the official data. Labour in the Unorganised Sector Keeping the above mentioned definitional problems in view, let us now examine the salient features of the labour force in the unorganised sector as reflected in the official data. According to 1991 census, the total labour force in India is estimated to be 317 millions. Out of this, the organised sector employs only 26.8 millions (8.5 %), while the unorganised sector employs as many as 290.2 millions, (91.5 %) (See Chart 1 and Table 1). Pension scheme for agricultural labourers all over the country. As discussed earlier, the distinction between these two sectors is very crucial from the point of view of employment relationship. It is not clear from the census data whether the figures for the organised sector employment include the casual / contract workers also. If it does, then the proportion of the protected labour will be less than 8.5 per cent. While the majority of workers in the organised sector hive regular salaried jobs in the registered factories and service establishments, the workers in the unorganised sector are either self-employed or work as casual wage labourers in a wide range of sectors both non-agricultural and agricultural. The crucial distinction between the sectors is the nature of employment relationship. Going by Bannerji’s definition cited earlier, the unorganised sector includes agricultural labourers, construction workers, forest workers, fish workers, beedi workers, workers in smal l and tiny industrial units, powerloom and handloorn workers, self-employed workers, domestic workers and so on. If we use the term unprotected sector, then the list also includes all the casual / contract workers employed in the organised sector. Technically, labour laws do not differentiate between organised and unorganised sectors. However, in practice, they provide ample opportunities to the employers and their contractors to deny basic rights to certain categories of workers. As we shall see later, there are certain structural problems, which make, it difficult for workers to assert their rights. In the organised sector, for instance, the production strategies such as subcontracting, ancillarisation, etc., are essentially geared to by-pass the protective legislations. As a result, over the years, the proportion of casual and contract labour has  been increasing in almost all the industries in both private and public sector. An important characteristic feature of the unorganised sector is that it employs a large number of women. The relative proportion of female workers is very high in this sector. As shown in Table 1, only 4.2% of the total female workers (as defined in Census) are in the organised sector. The corresponding percentage for male workers is 10.2%. The difference is rather striking if we look at the absolute figures. As against 23 million male workers there are only 3.8 million female workers in the organised sector. That is, for every six male workers there is only one female worker. In contrast to this, in the unorganised sector, there are 86.8 million women workers against 203.4 million male workers. That is, there is one woman worker for every two and odd male workers. Table 2 shows the sex distribution in both the sectors. In the organised sector, women constitute 14.2%, whereas in the unorganised sector they constitute 30%. In terms of wages and earnings, there exists a substantial difference between the organised and the unorganised sectors. Table 3 shows the aggregate figures for the year 1981. Out of the total annual income of Rs.87,840 crores, the self-employed workers earned Rs.44,719 crores (50.9%,) while the wage and salary earners earned Rs.43,121 crores (49.1%). Within the wage earners category, the organised sector accounted for Rs.24,850 (28.3%) while the unorganised sector accounted for Rs.18,271 crores (20.8%). If we look at overall sector-wise figures by combining self-employed and the wage earners in the unorganised sector, we would get the broad picture of earnings in the unorganised sector in contrast to those in the organised sector. The unorganised sector accounts for 71.7 per cent of the total earnings in comparison to 28.3 of the organised sector. The organised sector workers, even though account for only nine-tenth of the total workforce, earn more than one-fourth (one third according to the latest figures) of the nations total wages and incomes. The figures of the average annual income per worker bring out the contrast between the sectors more sharply. While the organised sector worker earned Rs.10,851 per annum, the wage earner in the unorganised sector earned Rs.2,482 and the self-employed person earned Rs. 3,549. If we take the average of the unorganised sector as a whole, the figure would be much lower. These figures are for the year 1981, and the present figures in actual terms may be relatively higher. Issues and Concerns The primary concern regarding labour in the unorganised sector is that most of them live below the poverty line. Their access to the basic necessities of life such as food, clothing, shelter, education, health and other forms of social security is extremely poor. One of the major reasons for this is that they are not organised. They lack organisations which can effectively represent their issues and problems at the national level. The established trade unions in the country, including the left unions, have completely neglected this sector. This is reflected in the membership figures of the central trade union organisations. According to the latest verification of membership conducted by the central government in 1990, the membership of the top five unions is around 10 millions, which is roughly around 3 per cent of the total working population in the country. Even though this includes both the organised sector as well as the unorganised sector, the proportion of the latter is very in significant. For example, according to 1980 figures, the INTUC, which at that time was the largest union, had only 15 unions in the agricultural sector with a membership of 25,931, which is slightly more than one per cent of its total membership of over 22 lakhs. Similarly, CITU hid only 14 unions with a membership of 2,212, which is less than one per cent of its total membership of over 3 lakhs. There are, of course, certain structural difficulties in organising workers in the unorganised sector. Unlike in. the organised sector, the existing conditions are not conducive to the functioning of trade unions. In the organised sector, that is, in large factories and other establishments, collective  bargaining institutions are well developed and trade unions are accepted as legitimate organisations representing workers. In other words, the means of struggle for better wage and working conditions are institutionalised. This is however not the case with the unorganised sector. The following are some of the problems at the very fundamental level in this sector. 1. Employment regulation In the unorganised sector the primary issue is regulation of employment. This is a very difficult task for unions to achieve. The employment contract is unwritten and informal. Workers are at the mercy of the employer. Giving an appointment letter is unheard of in this sector. By making the very employment relationship informal, the employer keeps himself out of the statutory obligations. Workers in order to make any legal claim have to first identified the employer and establish the employment relationship. Quite apart from these legal problems, since workers depend on the employer who may be a contractor or a middleman or the principal employer himself, for their sustenance, they dare not take recourse to legal action. This problem is more acute in the case of migrant workers, for instance, in the construction industry. Another means of bypassing a formal employment relationship adopted by trader-merchant-manufacturer is to utilise the home-based family labour. The so-called self employed workers in beedi, carpet, handloom, coir, hosiery and a host of other industries, come under this category. The trader-merchant-manufacturer or his middlemen provide the raw material to the home-based workers and collect the semi-finished or finished goods which they market themselves. The price that the workers get for their value-addition is very low and equivalent to wages, and their living conditions are no better than the wage labour. So, the self-employed who constitute nearly 56 per cent of the total workforce in the country are not really self-employed in the true sense. In the absence of a formal employment relationship the established trade unions, which are more used to functioning in the organised sector where all that they have to do is submit charter of demands and negotiate a reasonable bargain for the workers, find it extremely difficult to fight for workers in the unorganised sector. Trade union work in the unorganised sector is much more demanding and relates to certain structural changes of very fundamental  nature which requires struggle at various levels. The means and strategies to be adopted for achieving these changes also differ very much with those that are adopted in the organised sector. The following are the three different levels at which the trade unions in the unorganised sector have to fight. †¢ Grass-root Level †¢ Labour Courts †¢ Political Level At the grass-root level, as mentioned earlier, it is very difficult to identify a single, consistent employer to deal with. As a deliberate strategy, contractors keep changing from time to time in order to avoid any legal binding. Also, at times, workers themselves move from one workplace to another. In certain cases such as domestic workers, unions have to deal with multiple employers who are not concentrated in one place but scattered all over. Given such a wide variation and the fluid state of employer-employee relationship, unions in this sector have to evolve innovative strategies to fight for the basic rights of their members. The second level of struggle is in the labour courts. Since the employer-employee relationship in this sector is not institutionalised, the disputes invariably end up in litigation. For instance, in case of contract workers in the organised sector much of the trade union work involves fighting court cases, which demands not only determination on the part of the unions but also resources. This is one of the major reasons why the unions of the workers in the organised sector turn a blind eye to the plight of the contract and casual workers. The third and the most important level of struggle is at the political level for policy changes and enactment of protective legislation by the government. This requires the unions to have a wider support base coupled with political campaigns. 2. Lack of trade union consciousness In this sector the very idea of trade union organisation is new. Due to their insecure employment situation, workers are not always forthcoming to participate in the union activity. The unions have an extremely difficult task of gaining the confidence of workers to begin with, and then convincing them -about the importance of dealing with their employers collectively  rather than as individuals. 3. Struggle for legitimacy In the unorganised sector, the basic struggle of the trade unions is for legitimacy of their own existence and freedom to function as trade unions. They are confronted with hostile employers whose basic advantage in operating in the unorganised sector is its unregulated employment and availability of cheap labour. Since trade unions by their very nature fight for regulation of employment, better wages and social security measures, they strike it the very root of this advantage. This results in a bitter conflict in which very often the trade unions are at the receiving end. Given such hostility to any form of trade union activity in this sector, the union activists have to find various means of obtaining legitimacy. Where hostility is very high, the activists function only as a voluntary organisation. As the situation improves they start functioning both as a voluntary organisation as well as a trade union simultaneously. Since, by definition, these two types of organisations have different legal status the activists function as either, depending on the need and circumstance. Such a strategy is essential in order to continue the organisational effort in a hostile environment. 4. Issues related to development policy Trade unions in the unorganised sector are confronted with not merely employment and wage issues, but also are forced to raise certain fundamental issues related to developmental policy. This is so because, in various sectors, such as fisheries, forestry, agriculture, etc., the workers directly depend, on natural resources for their livelihood. Governments development policy has a direct bearing on their lives. For instance, the forest workers, who have for generations lived in forests and enjoyed certain customary rights over forest resources, are now confronted with modem developmental agencies such as state corporations which have drawn boundaries within the forest area depriving them of their traditional rights, and in many cases even displacing them. The local people depend on forests for fuel, fodder, and material to build their houses. The forest corporations which were created with the explicit purpose of directly taking up commercial activity related to forest resources, and thereby replacing  the middlemen who had been exploiting the forests, have, in reality, deprived the local peoples access to the forests. Another example is that of fish workers living near and around Chilika Lake located in Orissa on the eastern coast. Thousands of fish workers for generations hid depended on this lake for their livelihood. But now, with government leasing out the lake to private entrepreneurs for developing prawn culture for export, these workers have been debarred from fishing in the lake. Such issues, related to the governmental policy can be taken up only at the national level, which means that there should be a national level organisation to represent the interests of the unprotected workers in the unorganised sector. Today, unfortunately, such an organisation does not exist. 5. Lack of visibility Lastly, the workers in the unorganised sector lack visibility at the national level. In contrast to workers in the organised sector, their working conditions and problems hardly ever become subjects of national debate. This is best illustrates by the fact that the primary focus of the New Economic Policy is the organised sector. The question of exit policy has generated a great deal of debate, and become a politically sensitive issue. It is a different matter whether the government is genuinely concerned about the retrenched workers in the organised sector. The point is, in the unorganised sector, which employs more than 90% of the total workforce in the country, redundancies and retrenchments are a daily affair. Ironically, this issue has never merited a debate or discussion either in the media or in the trade union establishments. Source:Unprotected Labour in India – Issues and Concerns by Sarath Davala (ed.) Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, 1994, pp:1-13.

America Needs Capital Punishment Essay -- Essays on the Death Penalty

The case of William Horton offers a fitting introduction to the subject of America's need for capital punishment. Horton was a violent habitual criminal, sentenced in 1988 to a Massachusetts prison "to life with no possibility of parole" for savagely slaying an innocent teenage boy. After only ten years in prison he was transferred to a minimum-security facility. There he became eligible for daily work release, as well as unescorted weekend furloughs from prison. Following the example of other hardended inmates over the years, Horton decided not to return from work. Instead, months later, he viciously tortured and raped a Maryland couple for twelve hours (Bidinotto 5). As this case illustrates, capital punishment is essential to maintain social order in the United States. It is necessary to keep society safe, deter crime, preserve ethical values, uphold the Constitution, and ease the taxpayer's burden. A country and culture as advanced as the United States keeps sentencing repeat violent crime offenders to "life imprisonment without parole," when it would be so much more efficient and better for society if the criminals were executed. The "life imprisonment without parole" conviction is frequently sentenced, but rarely enforced. This is caused by the extensive list of backlogs in the United States' penal system. These backlogs create a dangerous situation for society, becau se the convicts often slip through the judicial system after a very short prison term. Newsweek reports that in the United States there are over 1,000 correctional facilities housing over 75,000 death-row inmates. Of theese inmates, more than hal f have lived past their given execution date (Anger 25). This is the result of the numero... ...s. If we do not start instituting capital punishment regularly, the consequences will be detrimental to society. Works Cited Bowers, William. Legal Homocide. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1984. Castberg, Didrick and Victor Rosenblum. Cases on Constitutional Law. Illinois: The Dorsey Press, 1973. Death Sentencing. ACLU Pamphlet #15. Pennsylvania: Nelson Thomas Publishers, 1994. Gibbons, Don. Society, Crime, and Criminal Behavior. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc., 1987. Goshgarian, Gary and Kathleen Krueger. Crossfire and Argument. New York: Addison Wesley Longman, 1997. Haines, Herbert. Against Capital Punishment, New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. Masur, Louis. Rites of Execution. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989. Streib, Victor. A Capital Punishment Anthology. Cleveland: Anderson Publishing Co., 1993.

Intellectual Reasoning vs. Instinct

It has been said from Plato onward that man's reasoning is his highest faculty and makes him superior to animals. In the short story â€Å"To Build a Fire,† by Jack London, man’s intellectual reasoning ability is regarded as â€Å"second class† to that of the survival mechanism that is embedded within humans and animals alike. This survival mechanism is sometimes referred to as instinct. If solely depended on, man’s intellectual reasoning may be clouded, imprudent and even detrimental, leading him to the wrong decision.Instinct, on the other hand, is a natural reaction pre-programmed into man for survival and cannot be altered by reasoning, making it superior to reason. As the story opens, the man clearly understands that the â€Å"day had broken cold and gray, exceedingly cold and gray,† and still he insists on continuing his journey (650). The fact that the temperature is below freezing did not seem to bother him. He is ignorant of the cold.As he stands surveying the snow covered Yukon trail, â€Å"the mysterious, far-reaching hair-line trail, the absence of sun from the sky, the tremendous cold, and the strangeness and weirdness of it all—made no impression on him† (651). He is determined to join the boys at camp to enjoy the warmth, food, and companionship regardless of the weather. The man is very observant about his surroundings, however, â€Å"he was without imagination† (651). The temperature is about seventy-five degrees below zero, which means that it is about one hundred and seven degrees below freezing.To him, the air is cold and uncomfortable, and nothing more. He ignores the fact that he is a warm blooded creature and as such only able to survive at certain temperatures. Anything beyond that range requires not only intellectual reasoning ability but also instinct. The big native husky that accompanies him on his journey is his only companion. The animal can adapt to the cold weather, but on t his occasion it is very apprehensive about traveling in the extreme cold. The dog’s instinct â€Å"knew that it was not time for traveling.Its instinct told it a truer tale than was told to the man by the man’s judgment† (652). The dog does not understand how temperature is measured or even how a thermometer works. It inherited this instinctual ability from its ancestry. It relies on this innate ability for survival. It craves warmth, and knows that man can create fire and warmth. Its instinct for warmth and survival tells it this is not a time to be traveling. The man stops at each creek or river bend, and observes â€Å"the changes around the creek, the curves and bends and timber-jams† (653).He knows if he walks on ice that is not frozen to the bottom he will crack the ice cap and break through it. Breaking through the ice will cause him to get wet. Under such an extreme, bitter cold temperature, being wet can be fatal. The man tries to compel the dog to go ahead. However, it hesitates. It will not go and stays back until â€Å"the man shoved it forward, and then it went quickly across† (653). The dog brakes through the ice and scampers back on land. Quickly, it begins to â€Å"lick off its legs, then dropped down in the snow and began to bite out the ice that had formed between the toes† (653).This is not a matter of intellectual reasoning but rather instinct. Because the dog is now wet and cold, the dog is apprehensive about traveling further. The relationship between the man and the dog is like that of an owner to an animal. There is no â€Å"keen intimacy between the dog and the man, the dog made no effort to communicate its apprehension to the man† (654). When the man finally reaches the left fork on the other side of the creek, he did not see signs of any springs. Once again, the man is relies on his visual perception, but he fails to recognize the danger.He thinks it is not necessary to send the dog ah ead because he did not see any signs of danger. Unfortunately, at a place â€Å"where the soft, unbroken snow seemed to advertise solidity beneath, the man broke through† (655). He is now wet from the waist down to his foot-gear. He escapes from the water and quickly works to build a fire. Memories of old-timer on Sulphur Creek creep into his consciousness. The old-timer repeatedly warned him of extreme cold temperatures in the Klondike, cautioning him not to travel alone without a partner when the temperature is fifty below or colder.The man laughed and thought, â€Å"the old-timer was rather womanish† (656). In his haste to start a fire, he did not notice that he built it under a spruce tree. The tree held the weight of the snow from many previous storms. Each time the man pulled on a twig, the tree moved. Finally, the branches released the snow, sending it falling down onto to man and extinguishing the fire. Standing in disbelief, he â€Å"heard his own death sente nce. † (656). Again, his memories returned to the old-timer on Sulphur Creek.Maybe the older-timer is right—â€Å"after fifty below, a man should travel with a partner† (657). With his life at the mercy of nature, he recognizes his foolishness. His final attempt to rebuild a fire is unsuccessful. He sees the dog and remembers a tale of a man who was caught in a blizzard. This man survived by killing a steer and crawling inside the cavity to keep warm. Perhaps killing the dog and burying his hands in its body will thaw them so he can build a fire. He calls to the dog, but the dog senses a â€Å"strange note in his voice that frightened it† (658).Its instinct senses danger – â€Å"it knew not what danger, but somewhere, somehow, in its brain arouses an apprehension of the man† (658). The dog stays clear of the man. Instinct is a natural part of every living creature. Its purpose is to alert its owner of impending danger, to override reason, to survive. The dog, through its instinct, is aware of the life-threatening conditions in the Yukon. The man, thinking he is smarter than nature, relies on his knowledge and ignores his instinct. By relying on his knowledge, mistakenly believing it to be his highest faculty, he ultimately forfeits his life.

A Biblical Look At Marriage Essay - 1323 Words

Just recently Newsweek magazine produced an article which attempted to make a scriptural argument in favor of homosexual marriage. Space would not allow for one to deal with all of the errors that the writer makes in regard to biblical text. If nothing else, it demonstrates the ignorance that many people have in understanding God’s word. It also shows how far people in the media have moved away from fairly and reasonably dealing with a biblical issue. Thus, the article is aimed at proving that conservatives are wrong in maintaining that biblical marriage is between a man and a woman. The article begins by arguing that the Bible does not give any clear pattern of what biblical marriage is really like. The writer seeks to prove her†¦show more content†¦Having moved from this wrongheaded conclusion, the article makes another ridiculous assertion. â€Å"Scripture gives us no good reason why gays and lesbians should not be (civilly and religiously) married—and a number of excellent reasons why they should be.† Scripture is replete with verses that teach otherwise. As a matter of fact, the Bible calls it an abomination in Leviticus 18.22. While we are not under the old covenant, the principle remains and is reinstituted in the New Testament—many scriptures echo these same sentiments. Next, the writer asserts that â€Å"Jesus never mentions homosexuality, but he roundly condemns divorce†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Again, this is not true. Jesus condemns it by implication in Matthew 10.15 when he says, â€Å"Verily I say unto you, It shall be more tolerable for the land of Sodom and Gomorrah in the Day of Judgment, than for that city.† This verse teaches that the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah were subjected to a horrible judgment as a result of their sexual immorality—something that is very apparent to any student of the Holy Writ. As this article moves from misinterpretation to falsehood, it attempts to completely discount the validity of Old TestamentShow MoreRelatedThe Biblical Perspective Of Marriage851 Words   |  4 PagesMarriage is discussed on 47 different occasions within the NIV Bible. The word marry is used 48 times throughout the NIV. The majority of these words are used in the Old Testament in Leviticus where God’s clear and concise instructions were given to the Hebrew people about what was deemed unclean and what was to be done to be clean. 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